Phonics Rules Jennings Liu 2025-05-07 Last updated on 2025-06-06 Phonics RulesContents1.国际音标表 .................................................................................................................... 11.1.单元音 .................................................................................................................. 11.2.双元音 .................................................................................................................. 21.3.辅音 ..................................................................................................................... 31.4.复合音标 ............................................................................................................... 72.发音规律 ...................................................................................................................... 82.1.音节 ..................................................................................................................... 82.2.音节的划分 ............................................................................................................ 82.3.重读音节 ............................................................................................................... 82.4.开音节: ................................................................................................................. 92.5.闭音节 .................................................................................................................. 92.6.双音节词重读规则 ................................................................................................... 102.7.多音节词重读规则 ................................................................................................... 103.元音的读音规则 ............................................................................................................. 113.1.元音字母Aa .......................................................................................................... 113.2.元音字母Ee ........................................................................................................... 133.3.元音字母Ii ............................................................................................................ 163.4.元音字母Oo .......................................................................................................... 183.5.元音字母Uu .......................................................................................................... 223.6.半元音字母Yy ........................................................................................................ 234.辅音的读音规则 ............................................................................................................. 244.1.单个读音 .............................................................................................................. 244.2.多个读音 .............................................................................................................. 245.特殊组合 ..................................................................................................................... 356.连读省略 ..................................................................................................................... 351. 国际音标表1.国际音标表1.1.单元音序号音标示例1/iː/see [siː], he [hiː], she [ʃiː], we [wiː], bee [biː]2/ɪ/bit [bɪt], sit [sɪt], zip [zɪp], him [hɪm], fit [fɪt]3/e/bed [bed], red [red], let [let], fed [fed], wet[wet]4/æ/cat [kæt], hat [hæt], mat [mæt], sat [sæt], rat [ræt]5/ʌ/cup [kʌp], up [ʌp], pup [pʌp], run [rʌn], sun [sʌn]6/ə/about [əˈbaʊt], sofa [ˈsəʊfə], China [ˈtʃaɪnə]7/ɜː/bird [bɜːd], term [tɜːm], word [wɜːd], turn [tɜːn], burn [bɜːn]8/ɑː/father [ˈfɑːðə], arm [ɑːm], car [kɑː], far [fɑː], star [stɑː]9/ɒ/dog [dɒg], box [bɒks] , stop [stɒp], watch [wɒtʃ] , job [dʒɒb]10/ɔː/caught [kɔːt], taught [tɔːt], bought [bɔːt], fought [fɔːt], sought [sɔːt]11/ʊ/book [bʊk], look [lʊk], cook [kʊk], took [tʊk], hook [hʊk]12/uː/moon [muːn], soon [suːn], room [ruːm], loom [luːm], boom [buːm]For Personal Use Only11. 国际音标表1.2.双元音序号音标示例1/eɪ/cake [keɪk], bake [beɪk], lake [leɪk], make [meɪk], gate [geɪt]2/əʊ/go [ɡəʊ], no [nəʊ], so [səʊ], toe [təʊ], low [ləʊ]3/aɪ/bike [baɪk], like [laɪk], hike [haɪk], mike [maɪk], pike [paɪk]4/aʊ/cow [kaʊ], how [haʊ], now [naʊ], bow [baʊ], plow [plaʊ]5/ɔɪ/boy [bɔɪ], toy [tɔɪ], joy [dʒɔɪ], coin [kɔɪn], foil [fɔɪl]6/ɪə/near [nɪə], fear [fɪə], hear [hɪə], gear [ɡɪə], tear [tɪə]7/eə/hair [heə], care [keə], pair [peə], stair [steə]8/ʊə/poor [pʊə], moor [mʊə], tour [tʊə], sure [ʃʊə], lure [lʊə]9/juː/use [juːz], fuse [fjuːz], muse [mjuːz], cute [kjuːt], mute [mjuːt]For Personal Use Only21. 国际音标表1.3.辅音•按照发声时声带是否震动1.清辅音: 发音时声带不振动、只送气的叫 清辅音2.浊辅音: 发音时声带振动、不送气的叫浊辅音•按照发音方法的差别1.爆破辅音 [p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g]‣爆破音是指发音器官在口腔中形成阻碍，然后气流冲破阻碍而发出的音;2.摩擦辅音 [f] [v] [θ] [ð] [s] [z] [ʃ] [ʒ] [h] [r]‣气流在发音器官间通过摩擦发音3.破擦辅音 [tʃ] [dʒ]‣发音时舌尖抵住上齿龈成发[t]、[d]的姿势，形成气流的完全阻碍。随后让气流冲破这种阻碍轻微爆破后立即发出第二个摩擦音，即先爆破后摩擦，两音密合，发成一个音4.鼻辅音 [m] [n] [ŋ]‣鼻腔发出的辅音5.舌侧辅音 [l]‣舌尖顶住上齿龈，舌前部抬起，让气流从舌头两边泻出，声带振动6.半元音 [w] [j]7.辅音连缀 [tr] [dr] [ts] [dz]For Personal Use Only31. 国际音标表•辅音发音序号音标示例1/p/pen [pen], pet [pet], pat [pæt], pit [pɪt], pot [pɒt]2/t/ten [ten], tea [ti:], tar [ta:], two [tu:], toe [təʊ]3/k/cat [kæt], kit [kɪt], coat [kəʊt], cut [kʌt], kite [kaɪt]4/b/bed [bed], bet [bet], bat [bæt], bit [bɪt], bot [bɒt]5/d/dad [dæd], debt [det], do [du:], dark [da:k], dot [dɒt]6/ɡ/get [ɡet], gut [ɡʌt], got [ɡɒt], gate [ɡeɪt], goat [ɡəʊt]7/f/fan [fæn], fun [fʌn], fat [fæt], phone [fəʊn]8/s/sun [sʌn], sin [sɪn], son [sʌn], sit [sɪt], set [set]9/ʃ/ship [ʃɪp], shop [ʃɒp], shut [ʃʌt], shake [ʃeɪk], shoe [ʃuː]10/v/van [væn], vet [vet], vat [væt], vote [vəʊt], vine [vaɪn]11/z/zoo [zuː], zip [zɪp], zap [zæp], zone [zəʊn], zest [zest]12/ʒ/vision [ˈvɪʒən], measure [ˈmeʒə], usual [ˈjuːʒʊəl], treasure [ˈtreʒə]13/θ/thin [θɪn], thick [θɪk], thumb [θʌm], theme [θiːm]14/ð/this [ðɪs], that [ðæt], the [ðə], those [ðəʊz], there [ðeə]For Personal Use Only41. 国际音标表序号音标示例15/r/run [rʌn], rat [ræt], rate [reɪt], real [ˈriːəl], rust [rʌst]16/tʃ/chair [tʃeə], chin [tʃɪn], chop [tʃɒp], chunk [tʃʌŋk], cheat [tʃiːt]17/h/hat [hæt], hit [hɪt], hot [hɒt], hut [hʌt], hate [heɪt]18/dʒ/jump [dʒʌmp], gem [dʒem], gin [dʒɪn], joke [dʒəʊk], jet [dʒet]19/m/man [mæn], men [men], mom [mʌm], met [met], map [mæp]20/n/no [nəʊ], net [net], nut [nʌt], neat [niːt], night [naɪt]21/ŋ/sing [sɪŋ], ring [rɪŋ], long [lɒŋ], wing [wɪŋ], king [kɪŋ]22/j/yes [jes], yet [jet], yoke [jəʊk], yard [jɑːd]23/l/lie [laɪ], let [let], lot [lɒt], list [lɪst]24/w/we [wiː], wet [wet], win [wɪn], want [wɒnt], wood [wʊd]25/tr/tree [tri:], try [trai], trace [treis], track [træk], true [truː]26/ts/cuts [kʌts], rats [ræts], cats [kæts], hats [hæts], pets [pets]27/dz/beds [bedz] , cards [kɑ:dz] , hands [hændz], roads [rəʊdz] , heads [hedz]For Personal Use Only51. 国际音标表序号音标示例28/dr/dry [draɪ], drag [draɪg], dread [dred], drive [draɪv], drug [drʌɡ]29/kw/question [ˈkwestʃən], quest [kwest], request [rɪˈkwest], quick [kwɪk], queen [kwiːn]For Personal Use Only61. 国际音标表1.4.复合音标1/ʌŋ/tongue [tʌŋ], young [jʌŋ], lung [lʌŋ], function [ˈfʌŋkʃn], junction [ˈdʒʌŋkʃn]2/ʌn/sun [sʌn], run [rʌn], fun [fʌn], gun [gʌn]3/ɑːn/khan [kɑːn],4/æŋ/hang [hæŋ], banking [ˈbæŋkɪŋ], bang [bæŋ]5/æn/can [kæn], tan [tæn], ban [bæn], fan [fæn], man [mæn]6/Iŋ/king [kɪŋ], ring [rɪŋ], thing [θɪŋ], eating [ˈiːtɪŋ], playing [ˈpleɪɪŋ]7/iːn/queen [kwiːn], bean[bi:n], screen[skri:n], clean[kli:n], green[gri:n]8/en/ten [ten], men [men], pen [pen], hen[hen], den [den]9/ən/open [ˈəʊpən], question [ˈkwestʃən]10/ɒŋ/long [lɒŋ], song [sɒŋ], wrong [rɒŋ], strong [strɒŋ]11/ɒn/gone [ɡɒn],on [ɔn], font [fɒnt], don [dɒn]For Personal Use Only72. 发音规律2.发音规律2.1.音节音节: 以元音为主体构成的发音单位, 一般说来元音发音响亮, 可以构成音节, 辅音发音不响亮, 不能单独构成音节（[m][n] [ŋ ] [l]例外）。从单词拼写形式上看, 有几个元音字母就有几个音节。2.2.音节的划分在重读音节和非重读音节的相邻处有两个辅音字母时, 一个辅音字母组属于前面的音节, 一个属于后面的音节。 例如：•let-ter, mem-ber, chil-dren, daugh-ter在重读和非重读音节的相邻处只有一个辅音字母时, 如果前面重读音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节,如果重读音节里的元音是短音, 则辅音字母属于重读音节。•例如：长音 pa-per, stu-dent, fa-ther, ze-ro, mo-tor, far-ther•例如：短音 sev-en, stud-y, moth-er, ver-y, mod-le, weath-er2.3.重读音节重读音节: 单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时, 应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节, 标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。For Personal Use Only82. 发音规律2.4.开音节:绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅音字母的重读音节。•例如: no, blue, ba-by, stu-dent, se-cret相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母, 再加一个不发音字母 e 构成的重读音节。•例如: name, these, bike, home, excuse2.5.闭音节闭音节: 单个元音字母后面有辅音字母(r、w、y 除外)且以辅音字母结尾的重读音节。•例如: bag, egg, fish, not, cupFor Personal Use Only92. 发音规律2.6.双音节词重读规则双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。•例如: stu-dent, Chi-na, sec-ond, au-tumn含有 a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。•例如: a-bout, be-fore, ex-cuse, re-pair, for-get-ful, in-ven-tor2.7.多音节词重读规则多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。•例如: el-e-phant词尾有-ic 或-tion,-sion 的词, 在-ic 或-sion,-tion 前的一个音节上重读•例如: scien-tific, im-pression, na-tionFor Personal Use Only103. 元音的读音规则3.元音的读音规则3.1.元音字母Aa字母字母组合规则读音示例Aa在w,wh,qu等[w]音的辅音字母后a在闭音节中读作[ɒ]wallet [ˈwɒlɪt], quarrel [kwɒrəl],watch [wɒtʃ], wash [wɒʃ]a在f,n,sp,ss,st,th前通常读作[ɑː]class [klɑːs], after [ˈɑːftə(r)],plant [plɑːnt], task [tɑːsk]在重读音节中在重读开音节中[eɪ]make [meɪk], gate [ɡeɪt], cake [keɪk]在重读闭音节中[æ]cat [kæt], bag [bæɡ],flat [flæt]在非重读音节中通常读作[ə]data [ˈdeɪtə],banana [bəˈnænə]a后面有辅音字母,又有一不发音字母e时[ɪ]palace [ˈpælɪs], solace [ˈsɑː.lɪs],surface [ˈsɜːrfɪs]For Personal Use Only113. 元音的读音规则字母字母组合规则读音示例Aa字母a+其它字母al通常读作[ɔː]tall [tɔːl],fall [fɔːl], ball [bɔːl], walk [wɔːk],talk [tɔːk], stalk [stɔːk], chalk [tʃɔːk]也可以读作[aː]palm [pɑːm], psalm [sɑːm],aw通常读作[ɔː]law [lɔː], flaw [flɔː], dawn [dɔːn]ar通常读作[ɔː]war [wɔː(r)],warn [wɔː(r)n],quarter [ˈkwɔːtə(r)], warm [wɔːm]au通常读作[ɔː]cause [kɔːz], daub [dɔːb], fault [fault]ai通常读作[eɪ]wait [weɪt], trait [treɪt], strait [streɪt]ay通常读作[eɪ]day [deɪ], play [pleɪ], tray [treɪ]air通常读作[eə]hair [heə], pair [peə],stair [steə]are通常读作[eə]care [keə], fare [feə,], flare[fleə]For Personal Use Only123. 元音的读音规则3.2.元音字母Ee字母字母组合规则读音示例Ee在重读音节中在重读开音节中读作[iː]she [ʃiː], he [hiː], be [biː],me [miː], we [wiː]在重读闭音节中读作[e]beg [beg], get [get], bed [bed], fed [fed], pen [pen]在非重读音节中通常读作[ə]open [ˈəʊpən], happen [ˈhæpən], moment [ˈməʊmənt]在前缀中读作[ɪ]report [rɪˈpɔːrt], request [rɪˈkwest]相对开音节尾e在词尾不发音make [meɪk], gate [ɡeɪt], cake [keɪk]字母e+其它字母ea在开音节中读作[iː]tea [tiː], sea [siː], cease [siːs]ea在闭音节中读作[e]bread [bred], head [hed], health [helθ]ea在闭音节中也读[iː]bead [biːd], read [riːd], meat [miːt], leaf [liːf]ea特殊情况读作[eɪ]great [greɪt], break [breɪk]ea特殊情况读作[iə]theatre [‘θɪətə], real [rɪəl], idea [aɪ’dɪə], area [‘eərɪə]ear通常读作[iə]ear [ɪə], hear [hɪə], fear[fɪə], near [nɪə], dear [dɪə], gear [ɡɪə]ear也可读作[eə]wear [weə], pear [peə(r)],swear [sweə(r)]ear也可读作[ɜː]learn [lɜːn], dearth [dɜːθ],early [ɜːli], earn [ɜːn], earnest [ˈɜːnɪst]For Personal Use Only133. 元音的读音规则字母字母组合规则读音示例Ee字母e+其它字母ee通常读作[iː]see [siː], flee [fliː], feed [fiːd], seed [siːd]eer通常读作[ɪə]deer [dɪə], beer [bɪə], cheer [tʃɪə(r)], peer [pɪə],volunteer [ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)], pioneer [ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r)]ei在c/s后通常读作[iː]receive [rɪˈsiːv], receipt [rɪˈsiːt], deceive [dɪˈsiːv]ei在eigh,eig中可读作[ei]reign [reɪn], feign [feɪn]，eight [eɪt],weight [weɪt], rein [reɪn]ei特殊情况读作[ɪ]forfeit [ˈfɔːrfɪt], counterfeit [ˈkaʊntərfɪt]ei特殊情况读作[ɪə],[ə]weird [wɪəd], foreign [ˈfɔːrən]eir通常读作[eə]their [ðeə(r)], heir [heə(r)]ie在重读音节中通常读作[iː]piece [piːs], retrieve [rɪˈtriːv], field [fiːld],thief [θiːf], chief [tʃiːf], grieve [ɡriːv]ie特殊情况读作[ai]pie [paɪ], die [daɪ],ie特殊情况下读作[ɪ]movie [ˈmuːvi], cookie [ˈkʊki], reverie [ˈrevəri]ie特殊情况下读作[e]friend [frend]For Personal Use Only143. 元音的读音规则字母字母组合规则读音示例Ee字母e+其它字母er通常读作[ə]better [ˈbetə], letter [ˈletə], manner [ˈmænə]er特殊情况读作[ɜː]version [ˈvɜːrʒn], verb [vɜːb], were [wɜː(r)]ere通常读作[ɪə]here [hɪə], mere [mɪə], sincere [sɪnˈsɪə]ere特殊情况下读作[eə]where [weə], there [ðeə(r)]ey在重读音节词尾读作[eɪ]prey [preɪ]， grey [greɪ], obey [əˈbeɪ], they [ðeɪ]ew一般读作[juː]new [njuː], dew [djuː], mew [mjuː], few [fjuː]For Personal Use Only153. 元音的读音规则3.3.元音字母Ii字母字母组合规则读音示例Ii在重读音节中在重读开音节中读作[aɪ]like [laɪk], site [saɪt], bite [baɪt]在重读闭音节中读作[ɪ]sit [sɪt], bit [bɪt], kit [kɪt], hit [hɪt]在非重读音节中通常读作[ə]holiday [ˈhɒlədi], family [ˈfæməli]在双音节和多音节词中i读作[ɪ]differ [ˈdɪfə(r)], city [ˈsɪti], silly [ˈsɪli]双音节词的结尾是“辅音字母+le”，前面的ɪ所在的音节是绝对开音节时i读作[aɪ]title [ˈtaɪtl], Bible [ˈbaɪbl], rifle [raɪfl]字母i+其它字母在词尾-ile,-ite,-ise,-ize,-wise里读作[aɪ]exercise [ˈeksəsaɪz], satellite [ˈsætəlaɪt]在-igh,-ign,-ild,-ind中读作bright [ˈbraɪt], high [haɪ], child[tʃaɪld]ie可能读作[aɪə]quiet [ˈkwaɪət], diet [ˈdaɪət], fiery [ˈfaɪəri]io通常读作violet [ˈvaɪələt], violent [ˈvaɪələnt],diamond [ˈdaɪmənd]For Personal Use Only163. 元音的读音规则字母字母组合规则读音示例Ii字母i+其它字母ia通常在重读音节中读作[aɪə]bias [ˈbaɪəs], dialogue [ˈdaɪəlɒɡ], vial [ˈvaɪəl]ia通常在非重读音节中读作[ɪə]bacteria [bækˈtɪəriə], avian [ˈeɪviən]在词尾-ique里读作[i:]technique [tekˈni:k], antique [ænˈti:k], unique [juˈni:k],For Personal Use Only173. 元音的读音规则3.4.元音字母Oo字母字母组合规则读音示例Oo在重读音节中在重读开音节中读作[əʊ]go [ɡəʊ], no [nəʊ],hope [həʊp], code [kəʊd]在重读闭音节通常读作[ɒ]hot [hɒt], got [gɒt], plot [plɒt], lot [lɒt]在重读闭音节中,o在以o,old,olt,ost,oll结尾的词中读作[əʊ]hold [həʊld], bolt [bəʊlt],host [həʊst], poll [pəʊl]o后面有m,n,v,th时o读作[ʌ]some [sʌm], come [kʌm]son [sʌn], money [ˈmʌni], none [nʌn]love [lʌv], shove [ʃʌv],dove [dʌv], cover [ˈkʌvə(r)]mother [ˈmʌðə], brother [ˈbrʌðə],other [ˈʌðə]For Personal Use Only183. 元音的读音规则字母字母组合规则读音示例Oo老式英语或者来源于德语的单词读作[uː]who [huː], do [duː], lose [luːz],move [muːv], prove [pruːv]在非重读音节中通常读作[ə]second [ˈsekənd], pilot [ˈpaɪlət],canon [ˈkænən], contain [kən’teɪn]在词尾读作[əʊ]radio [ˈreɪdiəʊ], piano [piˈænəʊ], photo [ˈfəʊtəʊ]字母o+其他字母oa通常读作[əʊ]goat [ɡəʊt], boat [bəʊt], loan [ləʊn],soap [səʊp], float [fləʊt]oi通常读作[ɔɪ]voice [vɔɪs], noise [nɔɪz], choice [tʃɔɪs], coin [kɔɪn]oy通常读作boy [bɔɪ], toy [tɔɪ], joy [dʒɔɪ], deploy [dɪˈplɔɪ]ore通常读作[ɔː(r)]snore [snɔː(r)], therefore [ˈðeəfɔː(r)], before [bɪˈfɔː(r)]For Personal Use Only193. 元音的读音规则字母字母组合规则读音示例Oo字母o+其他字母oul在单词中间通常读作[ʊ]could [kʊd], should [ʃʊd]oul在单词中间也可读作[əʊ]mould [məʊld]oo通常读作[uː]doom [duːm], food [fuːd], boom [buːm],moon [muːn], tool [tuːl], school [skuːl]oo特殊情况下读作[ʊ]book [bʊk], look [lʊk], brook [brʊk],good [gʊd], wool [wʊl], wood [wʊd]oo特殊情况下读作[ʌ]blood [blʌd], flood [flʌd]oor通常读作[ɔː(r)]door [dɔː(r)],floor [flɔː(r)], moor [mɔː(r)]oar通常读作boar [bɔː(r)], board [bɔː(r)d], soar [sɔː(r)]ou通常读作[aʊ]mouth [maʊθ], house [haʊs], proud [praʊd],loud [laʊd], mountain [ˈmaʊntən]ou特殊情况下可读作[uː]route [ruːt], wound [wuːnd], group [ɡruːp]ou特殊情况下可读作[ʌ]enough [ɪˈnʌf], tough [tʌf], young [jʌŋ],rough [rʌf], country [ˈkʌntri], courage [ˈkʌrɪdʒ]For Personal Use Only203. 元音的读音规则字母字母组合规则读音示例Oo字母o+其他字母ought通常读作[ɔː(r)t]thought [θɔːt], sought [sɔːt], ought [ɔːt]our通常读作[ɔː(r)]pour [pɔː(r)], court [kɔː(r)t], four [fɔː(r)]our其它情况读作[aʊə]our [ˈaʊə(r)], hour [ˈaʊə(r)], sour [ˈsaʊə(r)]ow在单词或者音节末尾读作[aʊ]now [naʊ], how [haʊ], cow [kaʊ],allow [əˈlaʊ], howl [haʊl], down [daʊn]ow特殊情况下读作[əʊ]slow [sləʊ], grow [ɡrəʊ], show [ʃəʊ], snow [snəʊ],own [əʊn], mow [məʊ], arrow [ˈærəʊ], borrow [ˈbɒrəʊ]ower通常读作[əʊə]power [ˈpaʊər], flower [ˈflaʊər], tower [ˈtaʊər],shower [ˈʃaʊər], cower [ˈkaʊər]For Personal Use Only213. 元音的读音规则3.5.元音字母Uu字母字母组合规则读音示例Uu在重读音节中在重读开音节中[ju:]cute [kju:t], mute [mju:t], fuse [fjuːz], confuse [kənˈfjuːz]在重读闭音节中[ʌ]sun [sʌn], fun [fʌn], cut [kʌt], hunger [ˈhʌŋɡə(r)], must [mʌst][u]put [put], full [fʊl], pull [pʊl], push [pʊʃ], sugar [ˈʃʊɡə(r)]在字母 l,r,j 后读作[uː]blue [bluː], true [truː], june [dʒuːn],clue [kluː],rule [ruːl], juice [dʒuːs], ruin [ˈruːɪn]在非重读音节中通常读作[ə]support [səˈpɔːt], focus [ˈfoʊkəs],circus [ˈsɜːrkəs], autumn: [ˈɔːtəm]在词尾ute, ude中读作[ju:]execute [ˈeksɪkjuːt], statute [ˈstætʃuːt]字母u+其他字母ui通常读作[uː]fruit [fruːt], bruise [bruːz], cruise [kruːz]gue在词尾时ue不发音tongue [tʌŋ], rogue [rəʊɡ], fatigue [fəˈtiːɡ],plague [pleɪɡ], league [liːɡ]For Personal Use Only223. 元音的读音规则3.6.半元音字母Yy字母字母组合规则读音示例Yy在单音节词尾通常读作[aɪ]fly [flaɪ], cry [kraɪ], my [maɪ],by [baɪ], why [waɪ], try [traɪ]某些其他使动词的末尾通常读作clarify [ˈklærəfaɪ], amplify [ˈæmplɪfaɪ],satisfy [ˈsætɪsfaɪ]， simplify [ˈsɪmplɪfaɪ]在多音节词尾通常读作[i]happy [ˈhæpi], funny [ˈfʌni], baby [ˈbeɪbi],very [ˈveri], windy [ˈwɪndi]其他位置通常读作[ɪ]gym [dʒɪm], myth [mɪθ], symbol [ˈsɪmbl],system [ˈsɪstəm], rhythm [ˈrɪðəm]其他位置特殊情况读作[ə]martyr [ˈmɑːrtər], analysis [əˈnæləsɪs],synonym [ˈsɪnənɪm]字母y+其他字母-yse/yze[aɪ]analyze [ˈænəlaɪz]For Personal Use Only234. 辅音的读音规则4.辅音的读音规则4.1.单个读音字母读音示例j[dʒ]joke [dʒəʊk], just [dʒʌst], jeep [dʒiːp], jet [dʒet]v[v]very [ˈveri], five [faɪv], love [lʌv], view [vjuː], vote [vəʊt]y[j]yes [jes], year [jɪə(r)], yet [jet], young [jʌŋ], yard [jɑːd]z[z]zoo [zuː], zero [ˈzɪərəʊ], zebra [ˈzebrə], zen [zen], zap [zæp]4.2.多个读音字母字母组合规则读音示例bb通常读作[b]bed [bed], bag [bæɡ], book [bʊk], bus [bʌs]bbrabbit [ˈræbɪt], cabbage [ˈkæbɪdʒ], lobby [lɒbi]b与其它字母组合字母组合mb出现在词尾或者组合bt有时b不发音debt [det], comb [kəʊm], bomb [bɒm], lamb [læm], doubt[daʊt]For Personal Use Only244. 辅音的读音规则字母字母组合规则读音示例ccc在词尾或在字母a,o,u,l,r,t前[k]fact [fækt], cut [kʌt], music [ˈmjuːzɪk],coat [kəʊt], class [klɑːs], act [ækt]在e,i,y前[s]cite [saɪt], cease [siːs], cert [sɜːt],system [ˈsɪstəm], face [feɪs]c后面有2个元音字母[ʃ]social [ˈsəʊʃəl], ocean [ˈoʊʃən],special [ˈspeʃl], precious [ˈpreʃəs]c+其他字母cc在元音字母e,i前[ks]accept [əkˈsept], accident [ˈæksɪdənt]，accent [ˈæksent]cc在元音字母a,o,e或在另一个辅音字母前[k]occupy [ˈɒkjupaɪ], accord [əˈkɔːd],occasion [əˈkeɪʒn], acclaim [əˈkleɪm]ch组合[tʃ]chair [tʃeə(r)], each [iːtʃ], cheap [tʃiːp][k]school [skuːl], christmas [ˈkrɪsməs], chemistry [ˈkemɪstri][ʃ]machine [məˈʃiːn], chivalry [ˈʃɪvəlri], charade [ʃəˈrɑːd]ck组合[k]black [blæk], knock [nɒk], pocket [ˈpɒkɪt]For Personal Use Only254. 辅音的读音规则字母字母组合规则读音示例dd通常读作[d]bed [bed], date [deɪt], side [saɪd], die [daɪ]dd通常读作daddy [ˈdædi], ladder [ˈlædə(r)], middle [ˈmɪdl]d+其它字母dge/dg/dj[dʒ]badge [bædʒ], bridge [brɪdʒ], fridge [frɪdʒ]dr通常读作[dr]drink [drɪŋk], drive [draɪv], children [ˈtʃɪldrən]ds通常读作[dz]beds [bedz], odds [ɒdz],finds [faɪnd], goods [ɡʊdz]ff通常读作[f]fine [faɪn], life [laɪf], fun [fʌn], fat [fæt]特殊情况下读作[v]of [əv], hereof [ˌhɪərˈɒv],whereof [weərˈɒv], thereof[ˌðeərˈɒv]ff通常读作[f]coffee [ˈkɒfi], suffer [ˈsʌfə(r)], cliff [klɪf]For Personal Use Only264. 辅音的读音规则字母字母组合规则读音示例ggg在a,o,u,l,r,e,i前或者在词尾[g]gas [ɡæs], get [ɡet], pig [pɪɡ],gap [ɡæp], gut [ɡʌt]g在字母e,i,y前或者在词尾-ge,-gy,-dge中[dʒ]bridge [brɪdʒ], large [lɑːdʒ],gental [ˈdʒentl], biology [baɪˈɒlədʒi]g+其它字母gh组合在词首时读作[g]ghetto [ˈɡetəʊ], ghastly [ɡɑːstli], ghoul [ɡuːl]为字母组合ogh或augh时读作[f]laugh [lɑːf], enough [ɪˈnʌf],rough [rʌf], cough [kɒf]一般位于词尾的字母组合gn,gm,gh,ght中g(h)不发音light [laɪt], sign [saɪn], fight [faɪt],might [maɪt], phlegm [flem]gue在词尾时ue不发音,读作[g]tongue [tʌŋ], rogue [rəʊɡ],fatigue [fəˈtiːɡ], plague [pleɪɡ], league [liːɡ]gu在非重读音节中,读作[gw]anguish [æŋɡwɪʃ], distinguish [dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ],language [ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ], iguana [ɪˈɡwɑːnə]For Personal Use Only274. 辅音的读音规则字母字母组合规则读音示例hhh通常读作[h]hot [hɒt], hat [hæt], hope [həʊp], here [hɪə(r)]h+其他字母在以h+元音开头的部分单词中,h不发音heir [eə(r)], honour [ˈɒnə(r)], honest [ˈɒnɪst]字母g,r,ex +h 出现在词首时,h不发音exhibit [ɪɡˈzɪbɪt], rhyme [raɪm], ghost [ɡəʊst],ghetto [ˈɡetəʊ], exhaust [ɪɡˈzɔːst]kk通常读作[k]kite [kaɪt], kick [kɪk], kiss [kɪs], bike [baɪk]kk在辅音字母n前不发音knife [naɪf], know [nəʊ], knee [niː], knight [naɪt]lll通常读作[l]low [ləʊ], lot [lɒt], little [ˈlɪtl], girl [ɡɜːl]ll通常读作ball [bɔːl], call [kɔːl], fall [fɔːl],small [smɔːl], toll [təʊl]l+其它字母在词尾-alf,-alm,-alk,-ould中l不发音half [hɑːf], calm [kɑːm], talk [tɔːk], could [kʊd]le在词尾读作[l]middle [ˈmɪdl], little [ˈlɪtl], battle [ˈbætl]subtle [ˈsʌtl], while [waɪl]For Personal Use Only284. 辅音的读音规则字母字母组合规则读音示例mm通常读作[m]make [meɪk], money [ˈmʌni],mouth [maʊθ], may [meɪ]m+其它字母在词尾-mn读作[m]autumn [ˈɔːtəm], column [ˈkɒləm],condemn [kənˈdem], solemn [ˈsɒləm]nn通常读作[n]line [laɪn], no [nəʊ], nasty [ˈnɑːsti], note [nəʊt]n在辅音字[k],[g]前[ŋ]bank [bæŋk], sink [sɪŋk],uncle [ˈʌŋkl], thank [θæŋk]nn通常读作[n]inner [ˈɪnə(r)], inn [ɪn]n+其它字母在-ng组合中[ŋ]king [kɪŋ], ring [rɪŋ], thing [θɪŋ], eating [ˈiːtɪŋ]在词尾-mn中不发音autumn [ˈɔːtəm], column [ˈkɒləm],condemn [kənˈdem], solemn [ˈsɒləm]For Personal Use Only294. 辅音的读音规则字母字母组合规则读音示例pp通常读作[p]pie [paɪ], part [pɑːt], port [pɔːt], piece [piːs]pppepper [ˈpepə(r)], apple [ˈæpl],happy [ˈhæpi], apply [əˈplaɪ]p+其它字母ph通常读作[f]phone [fəʊn], photo [ˈfəʊtəʊ], elephant [ˈelɪfənt]p在n,s,t之前不发音psychology [saɪˈkɒlədʒi], receipt [rɪˈsiːt],psalm [sɑːm], pseudo [suːdəʊ]qququ在重读音节中常读作[kw]quite [kwaɪt], quit [kwɪt],quest [kwest], quark [kwɑːk]For Personal Use Only304. 辅音的读音规则字母字母组合规则读音示例rr通常读作[r]room [ruːm], root [ruːt], run [rʌn],rice [raɪs], rude [ruːd]rrarrive [əˈraɪv], carry [ˈkæri],borrow [ˈbɒrəʊ], sorrow [ˈsɒrəʊ]For Personal Use Only314. 辅音的读音规则字母字母组合规则读音示例ss在词首或者清辅音前[s]side [saɪd], site [saɪt], rest [rest], save [seɪv],例外 tennis [ˈtenɪs]在元音字母间或者浊辅音前[z]music [ˈmjuːzɪk], husband [ˈhʌzbənd],please [pliːz], dispose [dɪˈspəʊz]ss组合ss组合[s]class [klɑːs], passage [ˈpæsɪdʒ], pass [pɑːs][z]possess [pəˈzes], dessert [dɪˈzɜːt], scissor [ˈsɪzə(r)][ʃ]assure [əˈʃʊə(r)], issue [ˈɪʃuː], pressure [ˈpreʃə(r)]s+其它字母sc在e,i,y前[s]science [ˈsaɪəns], scene [siːn], scent [sent],discipline [ˈdɪsəplɪn], ascend [əˈsend]sc其它字母前(a,o,u,辅音)或者词尾[sk]scar [skɑː(r)], sculpture [ˈskʌlptʃə(r)],scope [skəʊp], sclerosis [skləˈrəʊsɪs]sh通常读作[ʃ]fish [fɪʃ], shell [ʃel], ship [ʃɪp], show [ʃəʊ], shut[ʃʌt]For Personal Use Only324. 辅音的读音规则字母字母组合规则读音示例tt通常读作[t]tie [taɪ], get [get], but [bʌt], toe [təʊ], tear[teə(r)]tt通常读作[t]better [ˈbetə(r)], cotton [ˈkɒtn], button [ˈbʌtn],t+其它字母tch通常读作[tʃ]watch [wɒtʃ], stretch [stretʃ],switch [swɪtʃ], patch [pætʃ]th可以读作[θ]think [θɪŋk], thank [θæŋk],thief [θiːf], three [θriː][ð]there [ðeə(r)], then [ðen],their [ðeə(r)], further [ˈfɜːðə(r)]tr通常读作[tr]try [traɪ], tree [triː], truck [trʌk], trial [ˈtraɪəl]ts通常读作[ts]tsunami [tsuːˈnɑːmi], hats [hæts],pets [pets], cents [sents]在词尾-sten,-stle,-ften中t不发音listen [ˈlɪsn], often [ˈɒfn], castle [ˈkɑːsl],For Personal Use Only334. 辅音的读音规则字母字母组合规则读音示例ww通常读作[w]water [ˈwɔːtə(r)], wish [wɪʃ], wise [waɪz], weak[wiːk]w+其它字母wh通常读作[w]when [wen], where [weə(r)], why [waɪ], whale[weɪl]wh在字母o前w不发音，读作[h]who [huː], whose [huːz], whole [həʊl], whom[huːm]w在字母r前(即wr组合中)w不发音有时在字母s后(即sw组合中)w不发音write [raɪt], wrong [rɒŋ], answer [ˈɑːnsə(r)]x通常读作[ks]box [bɒks], text [tekst], next [nekst]在重读音节中元音字母前[gz]examine [ɪɡˈzæm], exist [ɪɡˈzɪst], exact [ɪɡˈzækt]For Personal Use Only345. 特殊组合5.特殊组合字母组合规则读音示例sionsion在辅音字母后读[ʃn]compassion [kəmˈpæʃn], discussion [dɪˈskʌʃn], depression [dɪˈpreʃn]sionsion在元音字母(i,a,o,u)后读[ʒn]collision [kəˈlɪʒn], television [ˈtelɪvɪʒn], evasion [ɪˈveɪʒn]suresure在辅音字母后读[ʃ(ʊ)ə]pressure [ˈpreʃə(r)], insure [ɪnˈʃʊə(r)], sure [ʃʊə(r)], assure [əˈʃʊə(r)]suresure在元音字母后读[ʒə]treasure [ˈtreʒə(r)], measure [ˈmeʒə(r)], pleasure [ˈpleʒə(r)]tia/tie/tiotia/tie/tio通常读作[ʃə]station [ˈsteɪʃən], partial [ˈpɑːʃəl], patient [ˈpeɪʃənt], attention [əˈtenʃən]tureture通常读作[tʃə]nature [ˈneɪtʃə(r)], picture [ˈpɪktʃə(r)], mixture [ˈmɪkstʃə(r)]6.连读省略规则示例前一词以[st],[ft],[ʃt],[ld],[zd],[ðd],[vd]等结尾，后面一词以辅音开始，着前一词的[t],[d]不发音next day [neks(t) deɪ], send round [sen(d) raʊnd]前一词以[pt],[kt],[tʃt],[bd],[gd],[dʒd]等结尾，后面一词以辅音开始，着前一词的[t],[d]不发音grabbed them [ɡræb(d) ðem], changed color [tʃeɪndʒ(d) ˈkʌlə(r)]For Personal Use Only35